Before the Procedure

Often the decision to deliver a baby by c-section occurs during the course of a woman's labor, when some kind of problem is encountered. However, sometimes the c-section is planned.

Cesarean birth is major surgery, and, as with other surgical procedures, risks are involved. Your doctor will discuss the risks with you. Some of the risks for the mother include:

• infection
  The uterus or nearby pelvic organs such as the bladder or kidneys can become infected.
  
  
• increased blood loss
  Blood loss on the average is about twice as much with cesarean birth as with vaginal birth. However, blood transfusions are rarely needed during a cesarean.
  
  
• decreased bowel function
  The bowel sometimes slows down for several days after surgery, resulting in distention, bloating, and discomfort.
  
  
• respiratory complications
  General anesthesia can sometimes lead to pneumonia.
  
  
• longer hospital stay and recovery time
  Three to five days in the hospital is the common length of stay, whereas it is less than one to three days for a vaginal birth.
  
  
• reactions to anesthesia
  The mother's health could be endangered by unexpected responses (such as blood pressure that drops quickly) to anesthesia or other medications during the surgery.
  
  
• risk of additional surgeries
  For example, hysterectomy, bladder repair, etc.

You will require an anesthetic for the surgery; this may be general anesthesia or regional anesthesia, such as an epidural or spinal block. Many women prefer spinal or epidural anesthesia so they are fully conscious during the surgery and can see their new baby immediately. Anesthesia prevents pain during the procedure, although you may feel some pressure and tugging sensations as the uterus is opened and the baby and placenta are removed.

• Your abdomen will be washed and shaved before the surgery.
• A catheter (tube) will be placed in your bladder to empty it.
• A small tube will be placed in a vein of your arm or hand to provide fluids and medication during surgery.

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